BSC 219

Study Guide 1

Cellular reproduction-You should know and understand the following:

The phases of the cell cycle and what the cell is doing in each

The stages of Mitosis and a general understanding of what is occurring in each stage

The stages of Meiosis and a general understanding of what is occurring in each stage

The mechanism by which the kinetichore facilitates chromosomal separation

The roles of cohesin and shugoshin in directing chromosome and chromatid separation.

The advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Mendel- You should know and understand the following:

The Law of Independent segregation

The Law of Independent assortment

How each of Mendel’s two laws plays out in the mechanism of meiosis and fertilization

The features of a model system for genetics that make it useful

Dominant and recessive traits

Incomplete dominance

How to determine genotypic and phenotypic ratios for monohybrid and dihybrid crosses

Sex determination and sex-linked traits- You should know and understand the following:

Common mechanisms of chromosomal sex determination including:

XX-XO

XX-XY

ZZ-ZW

Haplodiploidy

Sex determination mechanisms that are not chromosome based

Genic, environmental

The role of the sry gene in human sex determination

Abnormal inheritance of sex chromosomes in humans including names and genotypes

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Inheritance patterns of sex-linked traits and some common examples in humans.

Modifications of Mendelian genetics- You should know and understand the following:

Incomplete dominance and Codominance

Penetrance

How lethal alleles affect observed inheritance patterns

How more than two alleles at a locus can affect inheritance patterns

Dominance (duck feather patterns)

Codominance (ABO) blood type

Gene interactions to affect a common trait

Epistasis and how it commonly occurs

Coat color in dogs and the genetics behind them

Sex influenced and sex limited traits

Pedigrees and human genetics- You should know and understand the following:

How to read and construct a pedigree

How to recognize common patterns of inheritance on a pedigree

How to use a pedigree to predict genotypes of individuals

Genetic counseling and techniques involved

The use of twins in studying complex disorders