BSC 219
Study Guide 2
Recombination and chromosome mapping: You should know and understand the following:
How to calculate recombination frequencies.
How to determine if linked alleles are in coupling or repulsion configuration
How to construct linkage maps using Two-point test crosses
How to construct linkage maps using Three-point test crosses
How deletion mapping and somatic cell hybrids can be used to map loci.
Bacterial and viral genetics: You should know and understand the following:
The nature of a typical bacterial genome
The three major types of horizontal transfer of DNA and how each works.
Why transformation is typically coupled with facilitated or directed mutation.
The roles of plasmids in conjugation and evolution of antibiotic resistance
How viruses replicate
Common genomes of viruses
What is special about retroviruses and an example of a retrovirus
What is lysogeny or latency
Chromosomal variations: You should know and understand the following:
Chromosomal designation by centromere location
Deletions, Insertions, Inversions and Translocations and how each can occur.
What is meant by reciprocal or nonreciprocal translocation
What is a Robertsonian translocation
What is nondisjunction, when can it occur, and how does the timing affect the outcome
Aneuploidy and Polyploidy and what each is
Common aneuploidies in humans
How one form of Down syndrome can be passed through families
DNA: You should know and understand the following:
The basic structure of nucleotides found in RNA and DNA
How nucleotides are linked to form nucleic acids
How DNA strands are held together
Complementary base pairing
Experiments that demonstrated DNA was the genetic material
Similarities and differences between DNA and RNA
Chromatin and Chromosome structure: You should know and understand the following:
How DNA is compacted in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Histone proteins and their roles in compaction
How supercoiling works
Chromatin relaxing or chromosome puffing during transcription
Euchromatin and heterochromatin
Unique DNA sequences and gene families
The characteristics of telomeres and centromeres
How direct repeat flanking sites are formed during insertion of transposons
The characteristics of transposable elements
How insertion of transposable elements can affect gene expression
Highly repetitive sequences in the genome
How repetitive sequences or transposons can facilitate chromosomal rearrangements like deletions, inversion, and translocations.
Regulation of transposase activity
DNA Replication: You should know and understand the following:
The nature of semiconservative replication
Theta, rolling circle, and linear replication
Requirements for DNA replication
Direction of replication and how this produces leading and lagging strands
Components in Prokyaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA replication and their functions
Replication of telomeres and telomerase activity