Study Guide for Exam 3
You should know and understand:
Initiation, elongation, and termination
The similarities and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in initation
The composition of RNA Polymerase in prokaryotes and what sigma does
The composition, position, and role of promoters
How RNA Polymerase synthesizes RNA
Rho dependant and rho-independant termination
You should know and understand:
What are introns and exons and where are they found
How is eukaryotic mRNA processed before translation
The differeneces between prokaryotes and eukaryotes with respect to the relationships between transcription and translation.
Interfering RNA (microRNA and satellite RNA) and RNA silencing
You should know and understand:
The three sites in a ribosome (E,P,A) and what happens at each site during elongation
Recognize a start codon and know what is the first amino acid added to a protein
The role of a ribosome binding site on mRNA
The role of tRNA and how it becomes ÒchargedÓ
The role of termination codons
Be able to translate a mRNA sequence into an amino sequence if given the genetic code
Understand what codons and anticodons are
What is wobble in anticodons
You should know and understand:
Why prokaryotic gene regulation is more responsive than eukaryotic gene regulation
What are induction and repression and under what conditions are they useful
Operons and their role in prokaryotic genetics
The lac and trp operons and how they are regulated
Attenuation and its role in regulating the trp operon
How polycistronic mRNA can be regulated
mRNA stability and its effect on regulation
You should know and understand
The three RNA Polymerase enzymes and what RNA they produce
The structure and composition of promoters
Enhancers, activators and how they function
What are silencers
The role of DNA looping around promoters
The three classes of DNA-binding proteins and their distinguishing feature
(helix-turn-helix; zinc finger; leucine zipper)
RNA silencing and how it happens
mRNA stability and its effect on regulation
You should know and understand:
The frequency at which mutations accumulate as a result of DNA Polymerase
Common mutagens
Mechanisms for base change or deletion during mutagenesis
Depurination
Deamination
Thymine dimers
Base substitutions including silent, missense, and nonsense mutations
Frameshift mutations
How cells know which DNA strand is new
Post replication DNA repair mechanisms
You should also be
able to generalize this information and to use it in a Òreal world story
problem.Ó
Finally, you should
be able to count syllables in words.